Two-Handed Direct Manipulation on the Responsive Workbench
Lawrence D. Cutler
and Bernd Fröhlich
and Pat Hanrahan
To appear in the 1997 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics
Abstract
We have built a system that allows users to naturally manipulate virtual
3D models with both hands on the Responsive Workbench, a tabletop VR
device. Our design is largely based upon Guiard's observations of how
humans distribute work between the two hands in the real world. We
show how to apply these principles for the workbench environment and
describe many issues encountered during the design. We first develop a
framework for two-handed interaction and then explore a variety of
two-handed 3D tools and interactive techniques. Related issues
include how constraints are implemented and controlled by the two
hands and how transitions between one-handed and two-handed tasks
occur seemlessly. Informal observations of the system in practice
show that users can perform navigation and manipulation tasks easily
and with little training using the two-handed environment. One of our
interesting findings was that users often performed two-handed
manipulations by combining two otherwise independent one-handed tools
in a synergistic fashion. In these cases, we did not program
two-handed behaviors explicitly into the system; instead they emerged
naturally.
Additional information
gzipped postscript of full paper with b/w plates
(2.3MB).
gzipped postscript of selected color plates
(3.3MB).
gzipped quicktime movie
(15.8MB).
Last update: 16. January 1997
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